Thinking That Gives Rise to Elevating High Art Over Pop Art

"Pop is everything art hasn't been for the last two decades. It's basically a U-turn back to a representational visual communication, moving at a interruption-away speed...Pop is a re-enlistment in the globe...It is the American Dream, optimistic, generous and naïve."

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"Ownership is more than American than thinking, and I'm as American as they come up."

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"Everybody has called Pop Art 'American' painting, but information technology'southward really industrial painting. America was hit by industrialism and capitalism harder and sooner and its values seem more beveled... I call up the meaning of my work is that it's industrial, it'south what all the globe will presently become."

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"Popular is everything fine art hasn't been for the last two decades...It springs newborn out of a colorlessness with the finality and over-saturation of Abstract Expressionism, which, by its own esthetic logic, is the Cease of fine art, the glorious pinnacle of the long pyramidal creative process. Stifled by this rarefied atmosphere, some immature painters turn back to some less exalted things like Coca-Cola, ice-cream sodas, big hamburgers, super-markets and 'EAT' signs. They are center-hungry; they pop..."

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"Everything is beautiful. Pop is everything."

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"A Coke is a Coke and no amount of money can get yous a better Coke than the 1 the bum on the corner is drinking. All the Cokes are the same and all the Cokes are expert. Liz Taylor knows it, the President knows it, the bum knows it, and yous know it."

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"[Pop Art is:] Popular (designed for a mass audience); transient (curt-term solution); expendable (hands forgotten); low price; mass produced; young (aimed at youth); witty; sexy; gimmicky; glamorous; and last but non least, Big Business concern."

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Summary of Popular Art

Popular Art's refreshing reintroduction of identifiable imagery, drawn from media and popular culture, was a major shift for the management of modernism. With roots in Neo-Dada and other movements that questioned the very definition of "fine art" itself, Pop was birthed in the United Kingdom in the 1950s amid a postwar socio-political climate where artists turned toward celebrating commonplace objects and elevating the everyday to the level of fine art. American artists Andy Warhol, Roy Lichtenstein, James Rosenquist and others would before long follow suit to become the most famous champions of the movement in their own rejection of traditional celebrated creative subject area matter in lieu of gimmicky society'due south e'er-nowadays infiltration of mass manufactured products and images that dominated the visual realm. Perhaps owing to the incorporation of commercial images, Pop Art has become i of the nigh recognizable styles of modernistic art.

Primal Ideas & Accomplishments

• By creating paintings or sculptures of mass civilisation objects and media stars, the Popular Art movement aimed to blur the boundaries betwixt "high" art and "low" culture. The concept that there is no hierarchy of culture and that art may borrow from any source has been i of the nigh influential characteristics of Pop Art.
• It could be argued that the Abstruse Expressionists searched for trauma in the soul, while Pop artists searched for traces of the same trauma in the mediated world of advertising, cartoons, and pop imagery at large. But it is mayhap more precise to say that Pop artists were the outset to recognize that there is no unmediated admission to anything, be it the soul, the natural world, or the congenital environment. Pop artists believed everything is inter-connected, and therefore sought to make those connections literal in their artwork.
• Although Pop Art encompasses a broad multifariousness of work with very different attitudes and postures, much of information technology is somewhat emotionally removed. In contrast to the "hot" expression of the gestural abstraction that preceded information technology, Pop Art is generally "coolly" ambivalent. Whether this suggests an acceptance of the popular world or a shocked withdrawal, has been the subject field of much debate.
• Pop artists seemingly embraced the mail service-Globe War Ii manufacturing and media boom. Some critics have cited the Popular Art choice of imagery as an enthusiastic endorsement of the capitalist market and the appurtenances it circulated, while others accept noted an chemical element of cultural critique in the Popular artists' elevation of the everyday to high art: tying the commodity status of the goods represented to the condition of the art object itself, emphasizing art's place as, at base, a commodity.
• Some of the well-nigh famous Pop artists began their careers in commercial fine art: Andy Warhol was a highly successful magazine illustrator and graphic designer; Ed Ruscha was besides a graphic designer, and James Rosenquist started his career as a billboard painter. Their groundwork in the commercial art world trained them in the visual vocabulary of mass civilization also equally the techniques to seamlessly merge the realms of high art and popular culture.

Overview of Pop Art

From early innovators in London to afterwards deconstruction of American imagery by the likes of Warhol, Lichtenstein, Rosenquist - the Pop Art movement became one of the about thought-after of artistic directions.

Key Artists

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  Andy Warhol was an American Pop creative person all-time known for his prints and paintings of consumer appurtenances, celebrities, and photographed disasters. One of the virtually famous and influential artists of the 1960s, he pioneered compositions and techniques that emphasized repetition and the mechanization of art.

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  Roy Lichtenstein was an American painter and a pioneer of the Pop fine art movement. His signature reproductions of comic book imagery eventually redefined how the fine art world viewed loftier vs. lowbrow art. Lichtenstein employed a unique form of painting called the Benday dot technique, in which minor, closely-knit dots of paint were applied to grade a much larger image.

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  James Rosenquist is an American Pop artist whose paintings characteristic fragments of faces, cars, consumer goods, and other items in bizarre juxtapositions. With their realist rendering and attention to surface textures, his works take upward the visual linguistic communication of advertising and amusement.

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  The Swedish-American artist and architect Claes Oldenburg, an early figure in New York happenings and Pop art, is all-time known for his floppy sculptures and larger-than-life public works of consumer appurtenances, musical instruments, and everyday objects.

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  Eduardo Paolozzi was a Scottish sculptor, printmaker and multi-media creative person, and a pioneer in the early on development of Pop art. His 1947 print 'I Was a Rich Man's Plaything' is considered the very outset piece of work of the movement. He was also a founder of the Contained Group in 1952.

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  Corita Kent, a Catholic nun that became a famous Pop Creative person created bold and colorful silkscreen prints that championed social justice causes.

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  Richard Hamilton is an English language painter and collage artist, and is all-time known as a founding fellow member of the British Contained Grouping, which launched the mid-century Popular art move. Hamilton's 1956 collage 'Just What Is It That Makes Today's Homes So Unlike, And so Appealing?' is widely considered one of the first works of Pop art.

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  Wesselmann was known for his paintings of nudes and his exploration of the female form. He reinterpreted the classic field of study of the female nude past breaking the trunk down into its virtually suggestive elements: lips, nips, and pubes, then juxtaposing information technology with general, consumerist, popular culture.

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  Sigmar Polke was a German painter and photographer who founded the painting movement Backer Realism with Gerhard Richter and Konrad Fischer. Much of his work is in appropriating the pictorial short-hand of advertising found in much Pop Fine art and exploring the meaning behind various modernist and postmodernist movements.

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  David Hockney is an English painter, photographer, collagist and designer. Hockney's influence was particularly felt during the Pop art move on the 1960s, notwithstanding his piece of work has also suggested mixed media and expressionistic tendencies. Although based in London for near of his career, Hockney's most famous paintings occurred during an extended trip to Los Angeles, in which he painted a series of scenes inspired by swimming pools.

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  Alex Katz is an American figurative artist associated with the Pop art movement. His works seem simple, merely co-ordinate to Katz they are more reductive, which is fitting to his personality. Katz has received numerous accolades throughout his career, and has been the subject of a documentary and numerous publications.

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  American sculptor and painter George Segal is all-time known for his life-size plaster cast figures, frequently in monochromatic white. He too worked with artists such equally John Cage and Allan Kaprow at Rutgers University in the 1950s and 60s; Kaprow's famous "happenings" performances first took place on Segal's farm in New Jersey.

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  Ed Ruscha is recognized as one of the leading figures of Popular art and Conceptualism on the West Declension. From his iconic images of gasoline stations to his 'word paintings,' his piece of work is securely influenced by the graphic arts and deals largely with themes of commercial culture, linguistic communication, and the mundane.

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  Robert Rauschenberg, a key figure in early on Popular fine art, admired the textural quality of Abstruse Expressionism but scorned its emotional pathos. His famous "Combines" are part sculpture, part painting, and role installation.

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  Jasper Johns is an American artist who rose to prominence in the belatedly 1950s for his multi-media constructions, dubbed by critics equally Neo-Dada. Johns' work, including his earth-famous targets and American flags series, were of import predecessors to Pop art.

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  Peter Blake is a British Popular artist that has made many iconic images including the cover for the Beatles' Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band album.

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  Rosalyn Drexler powerfully repurposed media images and is now condign recognized as a key feminist vocalism in the Popular Art movement.

Do Not Miss

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  The Pop art movement emerged in United kingdom earlier becoming enourmously popular in the U.s.. Early on practitioners such every bit Eduardo Paolozzi and Richard Hamilton prepare the scene for the achievement of legends such as Warhol and Lichtenstein.

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  Photorealism is a style of painting that was developed by such artists equally Chuck Close, Audrey Flack and Richard Estes. Photorealists often utilize painting techniques to mimic the effects of photography and thus blur the line that accept typically divided the two mediums.

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  The Capital letter Realists shared a critical stance toward the invasion of American consumerism into Westward Federal republic of germany.

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  The artistic history of the US stretches from indigenous art and Hudson River School into Contemporary art. Enjoy our guide through the many American movements.

Important Art and Artists of Pop Art

I Was a Rich Man'southward Plaything (1947)

Paolozzi, a Scottish sculptor and artist, was a key member of the British postal service-war avant-garde. His collage I Was a Rich Man's Plaything proved an important foundational work for the Pop Art movement, combining popular culture documents similar a lurid fiction novel cover, a Coca-Cola advertisement, and a war machine recruitment advertisement. The work exemplifies the slightly darker tone of British Pop Fine art, which reflected more upon the gap betwixt the glamour and affluence present in American pop culture and the economic and political hardship of British reality. As a member of the loosely associated Independent Group, Paolozzi emphasized the impact of technology and mass culture on high art. His use of collage demonstrates the influence of Surrealist and Dadaist photomontage, which Paolozzi implemented to recreate the barrage of mass media images experienced in everyday life.

Simply What Is It That Makes Today's Homes And so Unlike, Then Appealing? (1956)

Artist: Richard Hamilton

Hamilton's collage was a seminal piece for the evolution of Pop Art and is often cited as the very first work of the motility. Created for the exhibition This is Tomorrow at London'due south Whitechapel Gallery in 1956, Hamilton'due south image was used both in the catalogue for the exhibition and on posters advertising it. The collage presents viewers with an updated Adam and Eve (a trunk-builder and a caricatural dancer) surrounded by all the conveniences modernistic life provided, including a vacuum cleaner, canned ham, and a television. Constructed using a variety of cutouts from magazine advertisements, Hamilton created a domestic interior scene that both lauded consumerism and critiqued the decadence that was emblematic of the American mail service-war economic boom years.

President Elect (1960-61)

Artist: James Rosenquist

Like many Pop artists, Rosenquist was fascinated by the popularization of political and cultural figures in mass media. In his painting President Elect, the creative person depicts John F. Kennedy'due south face amid an amalgamation of consumer items, including a yellow Chevrolet and a piece of block. Rosenquist created a collage with the iii elements cut from their original mass media context, and then photograph-realistically recreated them on a monumental calibration. Equally Rosenquist explains, "The face was from Kennedy's campaign poster. I was very interested at that time in people who advertised themselves. Why did they put upwardly an advertising of themselves? And then that was his face. And his promise was half a Chevrolet and a piece of stale cake." The large-scale work exemplifies Rosenquist's technique of combining detached images through techniques of blending, interlocking, and juxtaposition, also every bit his skill at including political and social commentary using pop imagery.

Useful Resources on Pop Art

videos

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  45k views

  The Shock of the New - Pop Fine art Our Selection

  Art historian Robert Hughes series - episode 7 - Civilization equally Nature

• Pop Go the Women The Other Story of Popular Art

  British historian Alistair Sooke tracks down the forgotten women artists of pop, finding their art and their stories ripe for rediscovery. Artists include Pauline Boty, Marisol, Rosalyn Drexler, Idelle Weber, Letty Lou Eisenhauer, and Jann Haworth

Individual Artist Overviews:

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  1.2M views

  Andy Warhol Documentary: The Complete Pic Our Pick

  The definitive, advisedly composed, 3 hour documentary on Warhol - and his part in Popular Fine art

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  43k views

  Roy Lichtenstein at the Tate Modern (2013) Our Choice

  Overview of the artist

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  3k views

  James Rosenquist

  Cursory overview by British art critic Alastair Sooke

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  87k views

  Claes Oldenburg

  Brief overview by MoMA

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  544k views

  Gerhard Richter

  Gerhard Richter talks about his life and work with Nicholas Serota, Director of Tate

Art History Lectures:

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  1k views

  Critic Christopher Knight @ Smithsonian American Art Museum (SAAM) Our Option

  Proposes that Warhol's subjects are not nearly popular civilisation, they are chosen for their very particular, art specific themes

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  1k views

  Leo Castelli: The Get-go Global Gallerist Our Selection

  Professor and historian Annie Cohen-Solal overviews the life and brilliance of Leo Castelli, the gallerist that brought many Pop artists to fame from Rauschenberg to Rosenquist

articles

• Pop Art International: Far Beyond Warhol and Lichtenstein Our Pick

  A look into the varying international aesthetics of the Pop Art movement / By Holland Cotter / The New York Times / February 25, 2016

• Where Are the Great Women Pop Artists? Our Pick

  By Kim Levin / ARTnews Mag / November 1, 2010

• Reconfiguring Popular Our Pick

  By Saul Ostrow / Art in American Mag / September 1, 2010

• Meridian OF THE POPS - Did Andy Warhol modify everything? Our Pick

  An extensive await (and investigation) into the life of Andy Warhol, through the context of his personal life and art making practices / By Louis Menand / The New Yorker / Jan 11, 2010

• The Pop Art Era

  Past Deborah Solomon / The New York Times / December 8, 2009

• Meridian Ten ARTnews Stories: The First Discussion on Pop

  ARTnews Magazine / November 1, 2007

• Pop Art Was Part French: Mais Oui! Just Ask Them

  By Alan Riding / The New York Times / April xv, 2001

• The Arts and the Mass Media Our Pick

  By Lawrence Alloway / Architectural Design & Construction / February 1958

• James Rosenquist, Popular Art Pioneer, Dies at 83

  A snapshot of the life, work and inspiration for a Pop Art pioneer / By Ken Johnson / The New York Times / April 1, 2017

Content compiled and written past Justin Wolf

Edited and published past The Fine art Story Contributors

"Pop Art Movement Overview and Assay". [Cyberspace]. . TheArtStory.org
Content compiled and written by Justin Wolf
Edited and published by The Art Story Contributors
Available from:
Kickoff published on 15 Oct 2012. Updated and modified regularly
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Source: https://www.theartstory.org/movement/pop-art/

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